All. Even in the tests where the SD cards never physically failed, their different write patterns and flushing guarantees exposed underlying issues in the file system. You just don’t encounter them as often when working on systems that typically align with the assumptions the fs developers incorrectly made.
NILFS2 or F2FS, the latter is much more heavily tested as it is now the default on a number of extremely popular Android phones.
SD cards don’t perform wear leveling so you really need a file system that minimizes/distributes block rewrites, and a log-structured filesystem will do that by never rewriting old data (until there is no space left).
